Lippitt's Phases of Change Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lippitts Phases of Change Theory - Essay ExampleHowever people all oer the world always fight to resist deviate. They fear the new ideas that change is going to impose on them (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2006). They fear the unknown as they are quizzical of what the new changes might bring to their lives. People want to maintain the status quo and t herefore will do anything to resist the change. They do this because of various reasons some of them take the need to maintain social relations that have been built over time. Some just resist change because of the costs and the consequences associated with the change. Eventually the people do change no matter how long it takes them (McGinnis, 2005). At the workplace this is evident in so legion(predicate) ways and can lead to frustrations in the lead of the organization if the correct measures are not put in place to address the change to new platforms, technology structures and process. Managers will therefore employ many models to ensure that they can effectively manage the change and that it does not cost the organization (Miner, 2007). Change It is important to realize that there are two types of change uncontrolled change and controlled change. The uncontrolled change is created by nature and cannot be altered by humans. The change may be perceived as unequivocal or negative depending on an individuals perspective. ... To gain the intended result requires a thorough understanding of the present state, the desired state, the variables involved and the mechanism of change itself (Nicklos, 2010). Lippitts phases of change supposition The phases of change theory was proposed by Lippitt and is built on Lewins three stage theory- the most widely use change theory. In Lewins theory, it involves three stages (1) the unfreezing stage where the change agent is motivated to create change. The affected people are then made cognizant of this need to change. The problem is identified or diagnosed and the best solution is ad vanced and selected to address the problem (Warner, 2010). There three assertable mechanisms that give input to the sign change lack of confirmation, guilty or anxiety and psychological safety. The second stage is called the moving stage where information is gathered to facilitate the change and here an influencial person is key to the success of this stage. The third and last stage is the unfreezing stage where the changes are integrated and stabilized as part of the value system. There inhabit driving forces that encourage the change while at the same time there are restraining forces that work against the change. The change agent identifies and deals with the latter forces in magnitude that change is established with homeostasis and equilibrium (Warner, 2010). Therefore Lippitt borrowed the ideas of this theory and used them in developing the phases of change theory by adding seventh phase to Lewins original theory of change. The theory has seven phases. Phase one is diagnosi ng the problem. During this phase a nurse manager or the change agent looks at all the possible ramifications of a proposed change

Perils of Social Networking Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perils of Social Networking - Research Proposal ExampleThe research problem endeavors to ascertain the assorted aspects that throw various social networking sites become disadvantageous among miscellaneous societal members, particularly the young (Azriel, 2011). The study result in addition attempt to look into mitigation measures, in order to alleviate challenges associated with social networking.The justification of this research is to analyze the extent of the negative impacts of social networking among the dissimilar societal members, particularly the youth. The study will also endeavor to mull over various challenges that result from social networking, and thereby propose mitigation measures (Dailey, 2013). These mitigation measures will be applicable a object for implementation will be significant.The study aims at critically examines the role of social networking and challenges to societal members, particularly the youth, and the negative impacts that they pose to the peop le today. The study will critically review the correlation between social networking youth challenges such as crime, drug abuse and dismal performance among schools (Fuchs, 2012). Following the objectives of the study, it will bunk to be more qualitative than quantitative. The study will also look into the implemented measures to alleviate such challenges and their suitability.While critically examining the available research on challenges that social networking poses to the youth, these studies prove to be inadequate. For instance, most studies took place before the introduction of the numerous diverse social networking sites that provide a different platform for tie beam (Fuchs, 2012). This results from the fact that the advancement of technology creates various platforms of social networking, thereby posing new challenges. Additionally, numerous researches on the perils of social networking failed to address the issue of mitigation measures and fitted processes of

Strategic management in an international context Q3 and 4 Case Study

Strategic management in an international context Q3 and 4 - Case Study ExampleThe management strategized the Cooperations plans to fit the internal and external business environment, and its internal coherence without facing any challenge or influencing its operation negatively (Schultz & Gordon 2011, p27). Some of the issues surrounding Starbucks Corporation business environment includes competition, clients and suppliers, improvements in technology, market, laws and government, social and economic trends.Starbucks first strategy majored in competition. Outside the the Statesn boundary, Starbucks faced various competitive situations in every country it carried operations. On many occasions, competition was even more than intense than in America. The withdrawal of Starbucks from Australia was an ready of a highly sophisticated coffee market developed and dominated by the Middle Eastern immigrants, Italians, and South Europeans. Throughout continental Europe, Starbucks had to face well-developed markets with sharp standards of coffee preparations and strong preferences. In addition to competition from the bottom, Starbuck faced competition from the top. For instance, the up market Italian coffee roaster illycafe was growing and expanding in America by means of Franchise arrangement with independent coffee houses. A good justification for the American gourmet coffee market was that immediately Starbucks had educated North America about happiness of good coffee, the new coffee connoisseurs moved on to seek superior alternatives to Starbucks. Therefore, Starbucks initiated various strategies to fit or overcome the competition. Starbuck joined single-served coffee pod systems pioneered by Nespresso subsidiary by launching its single serve, home coffee makers under its Verismo brand (Schultz & Gordon 2011, p. 221). Starbuck also reduced the prices of coffee, which increased sales. Therefore, they gained several customers hence, more retained earnings and benefit s.The next strategy of Starbucks is to fit in the social and economic trend.

DB 4-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

DB 4-2 - Essay ExampleAmong these small and big firms H&R Block is the largest firm filing over 21 million value returns in the year of 2008. Next to them is Jackson-Hewitt filing approximately 3 million returns. The factor which is unavoidably making this labor moneymaking(a) is that practically each and e genuinely working household of U.S. has to file annual tax income return. This helps to create a stable stream of revenue for these tax preparing firms. This industry is almost free from the effect of economic environment and it is a low capital investment business. Another factor which catalyzed the performance of the company named H&R Block was the Refund Anticipation Loans (RALs). These short-term loans enabled the tax-payers to get immediate cash which they utilise to repay during the time of tax refund. The interest calculated on the RAL is very steep, the annual interest rate ranges from 50-300% (Has The Tax Preparation Industry Lost its Luster?, 2010). A fair part of t he interest paid by the tax-payers used to be earnings of the company. It indirectly enabled the tax preparing firms to earn huge revenues. These two are the prime factors which helped these two companies to thrive.In U.S. tax preparing industry is drastically ever-changing due to intrusion of technology. Software products namely, Intuits Turbo Tax were released in the U.S. market and it is creating a dent in the revenues of traditional tax preparing firms. It enables the users to prepare their tax by combination of e-filing option from the IRS. The electronic tax filing grown drastically and about 31 million returns were filed through this technology it is 24% of the integrality volume of tax filers. The most important fact is that still H&R Block does not have e-filing option due to absence of tax filing software. This is affecting their revenues as most of their customers are filing their taxes by themselves through this e-filing process. This technology helped to decrease the p erceived value of the

Endangered Species Act of 1973 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Endangered Species Act of 1973 - Assignment ExampleAs it is, there are already many in society that would argue that no exceptions whatsoever should be made. In the end, to open up an exception to private enterprises as well, no case how well-intentioned the organization might be. In effect, were the government to open up such exceptions to others, the floodgates would literally come alive with individuals or organizations who felt their work was so important to the public welfare that it should be permitted to continue, no matter what the cost to a given species might be. This would go against the very intent of the Endangered Species Act, non to mention create a bureaucratic nightmare for all affected agencies as they would be charged with the task of determining who to grant an exception to, and who to deny. At some point, it would simply not work and would be ethically improper to proceed with that course of action.

Raw materials transport costs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Raw materials transport costs - Essay Example trailer truck inwards argon the costs that are incurred as a result of transporting untoughened materials into a house, these costs should be added to the value of goods purchased, and this means that the cost of raw materials should include the value of the goods purchased plus the transportation costs incurred by the firm in transporting these raw materials. Carriage outward is the cost of transportation of final or finished goods to the customer these costs are treated as expenses and therefore are recorded in the profit and loss account as an expense. thence from the supra discussion on the cost of transportation which are carriage inward and outward it is evident that carriage inward which is the cost incurred in transporting raw materials into the firm should be included in the valuation of inventory and therefore require that they are added to the cost of raw materials, carriage outward which is the transportation of goods to the customer should be treated as an expense and therefore should not be included in the valuation of inventory.Work in progress is a term used to goods that are not yet finished goods, their value is included in the valuation of inventory, budget items costs are those costs that cannot be directly traced to a special(prenominal) products example rent and security costs, these costs are assigned to the product using an appropriate method whereby their cost is assigned to cost objects. Work in progress is calculated by adding up the direct materials costs, direct labor costs and the disk overhead costs, the overhead costs are assigned to the unit of exertion using an appropriate method, example the overhead costs at Lehman ltd are assigned to products using machine hours. Overhead costs should be included in the valuation of inventory, the costs of produced goods should include direct materials, direct labor costs and overhead costs, in this slip the following overheads are include dFactory rent, evaluate and insurance 50,000 sales office expenses 240,000 factory security 30,000 factory heat, light and power 450,000 sales commissions and selling costs 120,000 depreciation of machinery 230,000 depreciation of sales take in vehicles 70,000 total 1,190,000 The overhead costs are assigned to products on the basis of machine hours and in this case it is evident that there were 10000 machine hours, even 500 machine hours are included in work in progress, therefore for the finished goods have utilized 9500 machine hours.For the finished goods the following overhead cost should be assign to each product1,190,000/9500 = 125.26Therefore each finished good should be assigned 125.26 per machine hour it consumes.For the work in progress they have consumed 500 machine hours, should be assigned the overhead cost depending on a percentage set, example the company may judge that for the work in progress the overhead costs will be assigned at 50%, if this is the case the wo rk in progress overhead cost will be 62.63 per machine hour.Finished goodsThe table below summarizes the cost incurred by these goods and some costs that the goods may incurred, the following table summarizes the clear profit that will be gained as a result of modification and sale of these products.Stock LineA ()B()C()selling price500002000022000Costs incurred to duration400001000015000modification costs1000040004000marketing costs500040005000cost of production550001800024000gross profit-50002000-2000We calculate the cost of production by adding up all the cost that the goods have incurred and those that are to be icnured, to get gross profit we subtract cost of production from the selling price which in this case stands for the revenue that is to be gained, the gross profit for product A and C is negative while product B has a positive gross profit. Therefore product B will gain a profit and therefore it is best to modify and sell the product, for the other product the firm may

Vietnamese telecom market Essay Example for Free

Vietnamese telecom market placeplace EssayIntroduction Together with breakthroughs in technology, planetary telecom has been showing great innovations and bringing enormous benefits to consumers. Vietnamese nimble telecom market, through sole(prenominal) a few decades of development, has proven to be an extremely potential industry. With analysis from the microeconomic standpoint, I would like to explicate some illustrious matters seen in Vietnamese unsettled telecom market today. This essay is organised in three parts * Part I foodstuff Overview. This part provides brief information about development history of the market and what the situation of the market is nowadays. * Part II Market Trends. This part deals with recent movements in Vietnamese smooth telecom market. * Part III Consumers Gain or Lose? The final part of this essay analyses the benefits and losses that consumers face as a result of recent changes in the market. PART I Market Overview 1. Vietnamese M obile telecom Market A Brief History As a developing country, Vietnam has its mobile telecom market started quite late. Though the carry for mobile services arose in the beginning of the 1990s, the first mobile telecom set of Vietnam MobiFone did not come into operation until 1994.This year marked the foundation of Vietnamese mobile telecom market. Following steps of MobiFone, two more than company fall in the market Vinaphone (1997) and Viettel telecommunication (Viettel for short) (2004). However, before 2000, the use of mobile phones seemed to be restricted for urban and rich people. At that time, solitary(prenominal) the rich could afford the constitute of exploitation mobile service. The cost for a postpaid subscription reached roughly VND1,000,000 and the money consumed in one minutes mobile phone call could cover the cost of food in a day for a rural family.One of the reasons for this extremely high cost was that the market at that time was highly monopolistic. U ntil 2000, in that location were only two mobile service providers in Vietnam, MobiFone and Vinaphone twain of which ar subsidiaries of Vietnam Posts and Telecoms Group (VNPT). Most consumers were not wealthy enough to access mobile service, so they stuck to the use of landlines, which, in item, were also not very popular especially in the countryside. The emergence of Viettel as a mobile service provider in 2004 was one of the turgidgest jump in the history of Vietnamese mobile telecom market.Viettel started to provide mobile services at a shockingly low set a mobile phone user might pay as little as VND50,000/month only. This low price encouraged the quantity demanded for mobile services to increase sharply. As time goes by, the cost of using mobile phones has become cheaper and cheaper, causing the number of mobile subscribers to soar at the end of January 2012, on that point were 118. 5 million mobile subscribers compared to only 0. 3 million in 2000. The number of servi ce providers has also increased to 7 MobiFone, Vinaphone, Viettel, S-Fone, Vietnamobile, EVN Telecom and Beeline.Over 19 years of development, from a market exclusively for high-income consumers, the mobile telecom market has been recognised as one of the most active market in Vietnam and almost everybody, rich or poor, is capable of owning and maintaining a mobile phone. Why do service providers seek to increase their number of subscribers by lowering prices and giving big promotions? The answer is, in the short run, most costs incurred by a telecom potent are fixed costs, such(prenominal) as costs for al-Qaida and bandwidth.Average total cost, as a result, decreases as the number of subscribers increases, indeed making larger profit for the sozzled. Hence, firms use up strong motivations to attract more and more people to use their services. 2. How the Market Pie Is Divided Today The current mobile telecom market in Vietnam can be seen as a veritable(prenominal) monopolistic competition. Three biggest suppliers in the market are the ones with longest histories MobiFone, Vinaphone and Viettel. All these companies are state-owned MobiFone and Vinaphone are under control of VNPT, spot Viettel is a subsidiary of Vietnamese Military Telecom Corporation.Together they control almost the whole mobile service market. According from statistics of the Ministry of data and Communications, in 2011, Viettel was the leading firm with a market share of 36. 72%. MobiFone and Vinaphone stood at the second and third positions with 29. 11% and 28. 71%, respectively. In total, the three state-owned companies took up nearly 95% of the mobile service market, sledding just over 5% for the remaining service providers, namely EVN Telecom, Vietnamobile, Beeline and S-Fone.The reputation of these firms is so huge that once a person starts using a mobile phone, his first thought of what providers service to use that crosses his mind would generally be one of them. Three leading firms in the market fall out opposite business objectives. Aiming at low-income consumers, Viettel has applied low-cost packages to meet the needs of the majority of consumers. On the contrary, MobiFone and Vinaphone focus mainly on providing high-quality services to people with higher(prenominal) income.Below are the ranks in market shares and service quality of the three biggest providers of mobile services in Vietnam according to an examination conducted by Department of Information Technology and Communications Quality Management (under the Ministry of Information and Communications) in 2009 Provider Market ShareService Quality MobiFone 2 1 Vinaphone 3 2 Viettel 1 3 Overwhelmed by big firms in the market, teentsy firms such as S-Fone, EVN Telecom, Beeline and Vietnamobile have had to struggle to survive. Sharing only 5% of the market, these providers have been go about enormous difficulties in increasing the number of subscribers and profits.Two of them, EVN Telecom and Bee line, are finally sold to some separate firms. These MAs will be analysed in the following part. PART II Market Trends The three leading firms in Vietnamese mobile telecom market MobiFone, Vinaphone and Viettel now possess great market powers, and naturally they desire to take over the small firms in order to have more control of the market. Below are three notable events that have occurred recently in the market which would have lasting effects on its path of development in the future. 1.Viettels Acquisition of EVN Telecom EVN Telecom is a company belonging to Electricity of Vietnam Group (EVN). Joining the mobile telecom market in June 2010, after just over one year of operation, EVN Telecom faced the risk of being acquired callable to poor business outcome (slow subscriber growth, unsatisfactory revenue, pressure on EVN to focus on its major field, etcetera ) and substantial liabilities to Viettel and VNPT. Some telecom firms had the intention of acquire EVN Telecom, such as Viettel, FPT Group and Hanoi Telecom (the owner of Vietnamobile).After many speculations about what firm would take over EVN Telecom, it was officially announced that EVN Telecom was going to be sold to Viettel. However, the acquisition was not smooth right from the beginning. In November 2011, Hanoi Telecom expressed its view that Viettels acquisition of EVN Telecom might violate Competition Law, emphasising that it would probably suck in Viettel a monopolistic firm in the market. Until declination 2011, Government eventually agreed on Viettels plan as in this case, Viettel was merely a market leader, not a monopolistic firm. 2. Beeline Disappeared in the Market.In 2009, GTel Mobile Company, a joint venture of GTel Global Telecom Corporation of Vietnam and VimpelCom Group of Russia, brought Beeline mobile telecom service into operation in Vietnamese market. However, after three years, VimpelCom decided to sold all of its 49% of shares in the joint venture at US$45 million to GTel in order to focus on our key markets, said the Vice President of VimpelCom. Of course this is not the real answer to the question of why VimpelCom withdrew from Vietnamese market epoch it had not broken even, regarding its total investment of up to US$463 million.Right after its debut in the market, Beeline conducted many discount programmes and promotions to raise the number of subscribers, such as Big Zero and Millionaires Cost Package. These policies thus lowered its ARPU to less than US$1. Moreover, its shockingly low prices cannot help them surpass the giants in Vietnamese mobile telecom market whose brands have been set in minds of consumers though its subscriber growth was exceptional about 15,000 new subscribers per day in 2011.The fact that Beelines profit did not live up to its VimpelComs expectation caused it to constrain Beelines operation and eventually to sell out its shares to GTel, making Beeline a completely domestic brand. Many people would doubt whether Viet namese mobile service market has become immune to foreign investment as VimpelCom has failed to make profit here while it has been extremely successful in Russian and Eastern European markets. Is the market so saturated that no new firm could possibly achieve a market share from the hands of established firms?Will VimpelComs failure warn foreign investors against entering Vietnamese telecom market although we have been a member of WTO for five years? 3. MobiFone and Vinaphone to be Merged March 2012 was a month of vibrancy in Vietnamese mobile telecom market when rumour had it that MobiFone and Vinaphone, two out of the three biggest service providers, would be merged as a step to restructure VNPT. MobiFone and Vinaphone have followed different development directions despite being subsidiaries of the same group, which has been an enormous waste in infrastructure.A spinal fusion of the two companies is expected to repair service quality and efficiency, thus lowering the prices char ged on consumers. This information was confirmed by VNPTs management though an official decision of Government has not yet been do for fear that this merge might violate Competition Law. If the merger of MobiFone and Vinaphone is successful, the new company will constitute almost 58% of the market, threatening the survival of other companies, especially small firms like S-Fone and Vietnamobile.Earlier in 2011, according to the regulations of Telecommunications Law an individual or organisation is not allowed to own more than 20% of shares in each of two telecom firms operating in the same telecom market VNPT stood between two options equitising either of MobiFone and Vinaphone or merging the two. If choosing to equitise MobiFone, VNPT still could not own more than 20% of shares and might have to sacrifice a large amount of profit as MobiFone contributed to over 50% of its profit while taking up only about 4% of human resources.The second option a merger would subject VNPT to vi olation of Competition Law. On the other hand, according to the Vice Head of Department of Competition Management (Ministry of Industry and Trade), market share is not the only criterion to examine VNPTs merger scheme as it whitethorn vary from year to year. Competition power, market access capacity, opportunity seizure, etc. are vital elements to be considered. The cornerstone of the merger, if successful, is a close supervision and control of Ministry of Industry and Trade as well as Ministry of Information and Communications.4. What Are the Trends? Along development steps of the market are the shifts showing what its trend is. Overall, Vietnamese mobile telecom market, although service quality has been greatly improved and price never stop falling, has hardly ever been viewed as a competitive market. At first, it was a complete monopoly, and then reached the peak of competitiveness with 7 suppliers now it is getting closer and closer to an oligopoly. (For illustration bearing on ly) The market now is the race between VNPT and Viettel.Nevertheless, this is a counterfeit competition as both are state-owned firms. Government ought to study this matter intensively since it has both advantages and disadvantages. If it continues to let the two compete with each other, consumers will benefit while state funds invested in them will be partly wasted due to self-competition and vice versa. PART III Consumers Gain or Lose? 1. Competition Makes Consumers Better off Most mobile phone users would agree that they are benefiting more and more from service providers policies.Ten years ago, only wealthy people could own a mobile phone and afford the use of mobile telecom service, which is a completely distinct from todays situation where mobile technology is nothing strange to most people, regardless of their income. The shift of the market from a monopoly to a more competitive one enables consumers to choose the service provider which suits them best in quality and price. Landlines services are being outnumbered by mobile services and will probably soon become obsolete as now they cannot compete with mobile services in price, let alone in convenience, diversity and flexibility.In addition, telecom services are the only items whose prices have constantly decreased, moving against the storm of inflation in Vietnamese economy. D2 S11 S2 D1 E1 P1 P2 E2 Q2 Q1 (For illustration affair only) The increase of quantity supplied is greater than the increase of quantity demanded, making the equilibrium point move from E1 to E2. At E2, P2 is lower than P1 and Q2 is larger than Q1, which makes consumers better off. 2. The Trend of monopolization Would Consumers Suffer?Monopoly causes deadweight losses this is undeniably true. Though consumers have been enjoying more and more benefits from service providers at least in the past few years, we may curiosity if this could last for long when it comes to the trend of monopolisation which is becoming clearer and clea rer in the market. After EVN Telecom and Beeline, will there be another acquisition that makes another small brand disappear? Will big firms take over all the small ones to rule the whole market?If someday there are only state-owned companies providing mobile services, will they agree with each other to raise service prices and prevent new firms from entering the market, which undoubtedly shrinks consumer surplus? Suppose that day would come, consumers may try to constrain their use of mobile services. However, the amount of reduction would be negligible since mobile services are now so necessary that the demand for them is relatively inelastic. Consumers today are richer and much more dependent upon mobile services than they used to be therefore, it would not be easy for them to cut deplete on using mobile phones to save money.Service providers would keep earning more and more profits from consumer welfare. In general, monopolisation harms the benefits of most people while benefit ing only a small group of people. Monopolisation is a two-edged trend, so it is important to balance the benefits between suppliers and consumers. An ideal mobile service market may be one with a small number of firms, i. e. three or four, but with comparatively uniform market shares. This enables infrastructure to be effectively exploited as well as market power to be evenly distributed among suppliers, reducing the probability of a monopoly arising.Conclusion There would be not enough aloofness to discuss all factors of a market within a short essay however, I have tried to apply microeconomic theories to analyse notable features and remarkable changes in the market that have had significant influences on consumers, together with given personal evaluations and opinions about the development trend of the market. I hope that eventually I have achieved a clarification of economic principles hidden in daily-life matters such as behaviours of firms and consumers in the mobile telecom market in Vietnam. collect to time pressure as well as inexperience in researching and writing, my essay may contain errors and misunderstanding. I would like to receive your feedbacks and suggestions to help me improve its accuracy and quality.Reference * Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Microeconomics (5th Edition). * VnExpress. net, Development of Vietnamese Telecom Market. * CafeF. vn, Viettels Aquisition of EVN Telecom Might Violate the Law. * Tuoitre. vn, Beeline Is to Disappear. * Tienphong. vn, Merging MobiFone and Vinaphone Good and Harm. * Vcci. com. vn, Telecom Market Back to Monopoly? * guinea pig Assembly, Competition Law, 2005.