The Invention and History of the Altimeter

The altimeter is an instrument that measures vertical distance with respect to a reference level. It can give the altitude of the land surface above sea level or the altitude of an airplane over the ground. French physicist  Louis Paul Cailletet  invented the altimeter and the high-pressure manometer. Cailletet was the first to liquefy oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and air in 1877. He had been studying the composition of gases given off by iron in the blast furnace of his fathers ironworks. At the same time, Swiss physician Raoul-Pierre Pictet liquefied oxygen using another method. Cailletet had an interest in aeronautics, which led to developing an altimeter to measure the altitude of an airplane. Version 2.0 AKA the  Kollsman Window In 1928, a German-American inventor named Paul Kollsman changed the world of  aviation with the invention of the worlds first accurate barometric altimeter, which was also called the â€Å"Kollsman Window.† His altimeter converted barometric pressure into the distance above sea level in feet. It even allowed pilots to fly blind. Kollsman was born in Germany, where he studied civil engineering. He emigrated to the United States in 1923 and worked in New York as a truck driver for Pioneer Instruments Co. He formed the Kollsman Instrument Company in 1928 when Pioneer didnt accept his design. He had then-Lieutenant Jimmy Doolittle conduct a test flight with the altimeter in 1929 and was eventually able to sell them to the United States Navy. Kollsman sold his company to the Square D Company in 1940 for four million dollars. The Kollsman Instrument Company eventually became a division of Sun Chemical Corporation. Kollsman also went on to file hundreds of other patents, including those for converting salt water into fresh water and for a slip-resistant bathroom surface. He even owned one of the earliest ski areas in the United States, Snow Valley in Vermont. He married actress Baroness Julie Luli Deste and purchased The Enchanted Hill estate in Beverly Hills. The Radio Altimeter   Lloyd Espenschied invented the first radio altimeter in 1924.  Espenschied was a native of St. Louis, Missouri who graduated from the Pratt Institute with a degree in electrical engineering. He was interested in wireless and radio communications and worked for telephone and telegraph companies. He eventually became the director of high-frequency transmission development at Bell Telephone Laboratories.   The principle  behind how it works involves monitoring a beam of radio waves transmitted by an aircraft and their time to return as reflected from the ground to calculate altitude above the ground. The radio altimeter differs from the barometric altimeter in showing altitude above the ground below rather than above sea level. That is a critical difference for improved flight safety. In 1938, the FM radio altimeter was first demonstrated in New York by Bell Labs. In the first public display of the device, radio signals were bounced off the ground to show pilots the altitude of an aircraft. Besides the altimeter, he was also the co-creator of the coaxial cable, an important component of television and long-distance telephone service. He held over 100 patents in communications technology.

Anorexia nervosa, a medical condition defined by an...

Anorexia nervosa, a medical condition defined by an abnormal or pronounced lack of appetite, has become a household recognized condition due to its prevalence and impact. Anorexia nervosa is a major eating disorder that disrupts everyday life, resulting in extreme thinness, hormonal imbalances, behavioral signs, and health issues that can lead to death. While the disease strikes across all gender, races, and classes, the victims affected are typically young, healthy, and attractive women of successful families. The average girl affected usually ages between thirteen and nineteen years old (Landau 3). This disorder has increased rapidly over the last ten years, becoming more common each year (Landau 2-3). Women faced with both a biological†¦show more content†¦As the anorectic victim continues to get worse and not eat, the disease becomes much more serious with more prominent health risks arising, and such long-term risks of heart problems, osteoporosis, amenorrhea, and deat h. Furthermore, anorexia nervosa has many internal health issues. One of the largest treatment hospitals in the UK, Maudsley Hospital shares how people with anorexia have variations in genes for serotonin receptors, which determines appetite(South London and Maudsley). Serotonin is described to be involved in everyday behaviors of sleep, hunger, response, behavior, depression, and anxiety (Website on Eating Disorder). High levels of serotonin and loss of appetite are linked with constant stress and anxiety. If too much serotonin is being distributed to the body, this will have a large effect on how much the person eats and feels hungry. Therefore, this misdistribution in serotonin leads to eating disorders because the body is not correctly balanced. Many scientists and doctors have studied the correlation between depression and eating disorders. When physicians test and examine young teenagers who are believed to be anorexic, amenorrhea is the most common symptom. Amenorrhea is the lack of a menstrual cycle and occurs because the body is not at the ideal body weight for the given height and age (Gross and Gidwani 41). The combination of the drastic weight loss and weakening of theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Understanding Clinical Depression3085 Words   |  13 Pagessyndromes, somatisation and clinical depressions. The general idea is that anxiety disorders, depressive episodes, somatisation and adjustment reactions are all different entities, but in practice it is not always that clear-cut. Major depression, as defined by psychiatrists, is unfortunately relatively common. What is depression? The term quot;affectquot; refers to ones mood or quot;spirits.quot; quot;Affective disorderquot; refers to changes in mood that occur during an episode of illness

Dont Know Essay Example For Students

Dont Know Essay Phil 160Introduction to EthicsFebruary 14, 2000Intuition, Integrity, and the Point of Moral Argumentation1. Introductory Comments. In a recent lecture, we were talking about a theory in normative ethics of behavior. It was this:GR: An act, A, is morally right iff in performing A, the agent of A treats others as he would like others to treat him. After presenting and briefly discussing the theory, I went on to present an objection. It was based upon the imaginary case of Pete the Pervert. After telling the story, I presented an argument:Argument against GR1. If GR is true, then Petes act is morally right. 2. Its not the case that Petes act is morally right. 3. Therefore, its not the case that GR is true. 1,2 MTIn the ensuing discussion, some students raised a question concerning this argument: Where did line (2) come from?. Some of you wondered if I have some other theory that implies that the act is wrong. If so, you wanted to know what that theory is, and what reason is there for thinking that it is correct. Some of you seemed to think that if I have no other theory, then it is not clear that there is any justification for belief in line (2). In that case, the argument seems worthless. This is an important question that goes to the heart of what we are doing when we engage in argumentation of the sort illustrated in moral philosophy. It concerns the nature of the activity in which we are engaged. I want to discuss two possible interpretations of what we are trying to accomplish here. 2. An Interpretation based on a Version of the Theory of Moral Intuition. According to one traditional interpretation, whats happening here essentially involves moral intuition. Let me try to explain this. Most of us have the capacity to see the colors and shapes of objects in the external world. You open your eyes, and light reflected from the surface of the object is focussed on the light-sensitive cells on the back of your eyeball. Electrical impulses then travel to your brain, and you see the features of the object. In this way you come to know the colors and shapes of various objects around you. Let us say that the capacity to see in this way is based upon our possession of the faculty of vision. Some philosophers think that people have a special mental faculty or capacity that enables them to see the moral qualities of particular actions that they observe. This faculty is thought to operate in something like the way in which vision operates, although of course it has nothing to do with light being reflected from the surfaces of objects. According to this version of the theory, the faculty does not enable people to see general moral principles; rather, it enables people to see the moral qualities of specific concrete act tokens. If someone gives you a complete description of some particular act, fully describing the circumstances, effects, all the relevant features of the participants, etc., then you may be able to see that the act is morally wrong, or right, or whatever it happens to be. Those who can do this are said to have the faculty of moral intuition. We should note that moral intuition is like vision in several important respects. For one thing, in some cases, feature s of the object being observed interfere with functioning of the faculty. In the case of vision, this could happen if the objects being observed are very small, or very far away, or shrouded in fog or mist or smoke. In such cases, you may fail to see them as they are. In the case of moral intuition, this could happen if the objects being observed were strange actions of a sort you had not previously encountered, or if the circumstances were so weird that you didnt know what to think. In other cases, features of the observer may interfere with the successful operation of the faculty. In the case of vision, this could happen if the observer has taken drugs, or if his eyes have been damaged, or if he is blind. In the case of moral intuition, it could happen if the observer were too deeply personally involved in some issue, of if he were a fanatic or a lunatic or if he has been brainwashed. And finally, some people are morally blind. They simply cannot see the moral features of any situation. Such people may be said to be lacking in conscience. They are amoral. So, according to the theory of moral intuition, if your faculty of moral intuition is intact, and you are not subject to any distorting factors, and the circumstances are right for moral observation, you can intuit the moral properties of particular cases. That, allegedly, is what is supposed to happen in the case of the argument about Pete the Pervert. Those who see that (2) is true do this by employing their faculties of moral intuition. Those who dont see that (2) is true are either morally blind, or victims of brainwashing, or otherwise morally impaired. 3. Problems for the Theory of Moral Intuition. The theory of moral intuition is not very popular. One objection is this: whereas we can study the eyes, the optic nerves, the visual parts of the brain, etc., and thus come to understand how the visual faculty works, we cannot even begin to figure out how the moral faculty works. No one knows anything about the underlying neurological basis of its operation. It seems pretty mysterious. One wonders especially how moral qualities (assuming that they are not empirically observable) could be causally efficacious in anything like perception. There are some important disanalogies between vision and moral intuition. One concerns the degree of consistency in the output of the alleged faculty. The vast majority of people with adequate vision agree about a huge range of cases. If you have for example a red square and a blue circle, and you ask a hundred sighted people to take a look, probably 99% of them will agree about the colors and shapes of the objects. But the operations of the alleged faculty of moral intuition are nowhere near so consistent. People knowing all the facts about e.g. abortion, euthanasia, pot smoking, vegetarianism, etc. disagree wildly about the rights and wrongs of these cases. Another disanalogy is this. If you bring together people from different cultures, and ask them to look at a red square and a blue circle, they will most likely agree on what they are seeing. But people brought up in different cultures tend to have conflicting moral intuitions, and in many cases their intuitions seem to be strong ly influenced by the moral views of their neighbors. For example, many years ago, lots of people thought they could just see that it is morally wrong for people of different races to marry. Each person thought that his moral intuition was revealing a truth. Now a lot of people claim to see that such marriages are perfectly OK. Similarly, years ago many people thought they could see that it is morally wrong for women to work or travel independently. Now many people say that no matter how hard they look, they just cannot see this any more. This suggests that the alleged faculty of moral intuition is really nothing more than cultural prejudice in fancy dress. A defender of the theory of moral intuition might agree that many appeals to intuition are quite worthless. He might go on to say, however, that in those cases the person was really not using his intuition at all. He was just appealing to prejudice, or cultural bias. The defender might insist that when intuition works properly, it yields knowledge of moral facts. But this generates an even deeper objection. There seems to be no way to distinguish between cases in which the alleged faculty is working correctly and cases in which we are appealing to nothing more than prejudice. The inner feelings of a person who is correctly intuiting the real moral properties of some act might be exactly the same as the inner feelings of someone who is thoroughly deceived about the moral qualities of the same act. If you cant tell whether your faculty is working correctly, then its hard to see how its deliverances generate knowledge even in those cases where it does work correctly. Darkness Be My Friend EssayFinally we should mention potential conflicts. There are cases in which two distinct GMPs apply to the same possible situation. It might happen that these two GMPs have incompatible implications for some possible case. For example, consider a GMP prohibiting lying and a GMP requiring the preservation of innocent life. These could conflict in a case in which a person has to lie (e.g. to the Nazi at the door) in order to preserve an innocent life (e.g. the Jew in the attic). Suppose a person thinks he accepts both of these GMPs. In this case, he confronts a conflict of principle. Even if the principles have never given conflicting guidance in real life, they would conflict in the imagined situation. The person needs to adjust his value system so as to be prepared for this sort of case. He has to decide which is to take moral precedence in case of conflict. Otherwise, he is left with potentially conflicting principles. On this basis we can define moral integrity:D1: S is morally integrated =df. (a) S accepts some PMJs; (b) S can explain his acceptance of each PMJ by appeal to some GMP that S fully accepts; (c) there are no conflicts among the GMPs that S fully accepts. From the fact that a person has a very high degree of moral integrity it does not follow that the GMPs that he accepts are true, or that he has good evidence for them, or that he is otherwise epistemically justified in believing them. Furthermore, it is important to recognize that it is possible for a situation to arise in which two people have equally high degrees of moral integrity, although they endorse incompatible judgments and principles. Intellectual moral integrity is simply a matter of having a rich, reflective, and coherent moral scheme. A person with intellectual moral integrity can justify all of his particular moral claims by pointing out that his claims follow from general principles that he accepts upon full and carefu l consideration. This sort of justification is moral justification, not epistemic. So far as I can see, the fact that a person can morally justify his PMJs does not imply that he is epistemically justified in thinking those PMJs are true . This gives us the basis for a significantly different account of what we are doing when we engage in moral argumentation in ethics classes. Instead of thinking in terms of abstract truth, proof, and intuition of moral fact, I propose that we think instead in terms of individualized acceptance, coherence, and moral integrity. More exactly, I suggest that we think of our activities in ethics classes as an effort undertaken by each student to help him- or herself to gain and increase moral integrity. Lets consider this in greater detail by reflecting again on the case of GR and Pete the Pervert. When we were children, some of us may have learned The Golden Rule. It seemed pretty plausible. When attempting to defend particular moral judgments, we may have appealed to something like GR. As far as we knew, GR explained the PMJs we had made. The case of Pete is designed to show the implications of GR in a sort of case that some of us may not previously have considered. It makes us see that GR has those implications, and it makes us consider those implications. If you are like me, you will immediately recognize that you cannot accept the implications of GR in the case of Pete. Thus, when you reflect on the implications of GR, you see that you dont fully accept it upon reflection. Thus, it cannot serve to explain your PMJs even in those cases where it has acceptable implications. This suggests that we might rephrase the argument presented earlier. Instead of formulating the argument in such a way as to emphasize the truth or falsehood of the principle, we might put it in terms of acceptance. We could do it this way:1. If you fully accept GR, then you think that Petes act is morally right. 2. But you dont think that Petes act is morally right. 3. Therefore, you dont fully accept GR. Suppose you want to have moral integrity. Suppose that up till now you thought you accepted GR. Now you see that GR has implications that you cannot accept in certain cases. Then you see that you really do not accept GR. As a result, your own appeals to GR in the past did not serve to explain your own PMJs. This follows from the fact that a person cannot really explain one of his PMJs by appeal to a GMP unless he fully accepts the GMP. So you currently are lacking moral integrity. You are endorsing PMJs that you cannot justify. If you want moral integrity, then you will need to find some other GMP one whose implications you can accept. If you find such a principle, and you reflect on it, and you find that you can accept all of its implications, then you may gain moral integrity. When you engage in this project, you may find that your former PMJs cannot all be explained by appeal to any coherent collection of GMPs. Perhaps some particularly attractive GMP explains all but a few of yo ur PMJs. In this case, you may have to reconsider the recalcitrant PMJs. Perhaps you will decide to let them go so as to be able to endorse the otherwise powerful GMP. Thus, a revision of your PMJs may be the result of deeper reflection on the GMPs that might explain them. This sort of procedure is not always necessary. Perhaps you will not have to alter any of your PMJs. If you can find an acceptable principle that explains all of your PMJs, then you can maintain those old PMJs, but explain them in a new way by appeal to a new GMP. It is more likely, I suspect, that at least some of your old PMJs will have to be rejected in order to be consistent with a new GMP if you find one that otherwise seems good. I propose, then, that we understand the function of this sort of moral argumentation in the following way: in our effort to enhance our moral integrity, we locate relatively plausible GMPs preferably ones that some of us already believe. Ideally, we identify principles to which we are likely to appeal in efforts to explain our particular moral judgments. We then put these GMPs to the test by imagining their implications for difficult cases. We may be especially interested in role reversal cases since in these examples we put ourselves in the positions of others who might not like the implications of the principles. Each of us then checks to see if he or she can fully accept the implications of the principle for these hypothetical cases. If not, he or she then realizes that the proposed principle cannot figure in his or her own value system if that system is to become morally integrated. We then search for another principle that might serve to explain the PMJs we still want to endors e. So, on this new interpretation of our activities here, the point of the argument cited above was not to prove that GR is false. Nor is there any appeal to moral intuition to defend line (2). Rather, the point is to guide you (individually) toward a realization that you do not believe all the implications of GR, and hence that you do not fully accept GR. Thus, you cannot appeal to GR in an effort to explain any of your PMJs. If you seek moral integrity, you will have to find some other GMP. Thats one of the things we try to do in courses in ethical theory.

Riddle Village Retirement Homes

Introduction Retirement is a definitive end or stage that is anticipated by every American employee. This is a period when they do not need to hustle with traffic to work or interact with demanding bosses. At this stage, people have unlimited time to involve in leisure activities. Retirees face a series of challenges ranging from problems of old age, inability to take care of themselves and lack of company. Many people die soon after retirement due to stress, resulting from lack of company and proper care.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Riddle Village Retirement Homes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Problem Statement This paper addresses the steps to be implemented in solving a marketing problem. The paper looks at the strategies to be implemented in the convincing retirees to sell their apartments and move to the Riddle retirement home. The Riddle retirement home offers an excellent home for the retir ees; they are able to enjoy the company of one another, engage in sporting activities. The home also prepares food, laundry services and medical care to those housed there. Background After retirement, many people opt to retirement homes to avoid the putting a burden to their children. Some also consider life in retirement to maintain the living standards that they were used to as employees. Charges for assisted living in retirement homes are high in most nursing homes, compared to the riddle retirement village. The riddle village provides a state of art lifestyle for the residents. It is based on the benefits that the riddle village provides that this proposal seeks to launch an awareness campaign on the benefits that retirees would get from joining the riddle village retirement home. The retiring older population depends mostly on the social security benefits for their livelihood after retirement. Most of them claim the benefits early and end up receiving much reduced amounts that can not sustain them well in old age. The number of retired men and women that began collecting their social security paybacks surged as from 2009 (Casey, 2009, p 430). This was attributed to the increase in population of people of age 62 years and above. Retired men and women are mostly left along at home while the younger people go out to work. As such, they have no one to assist them with physically involving jobs such as washing, cooking and cleaning. They also lack the company of peers and spent most of the time on their own. Mr. Samuel Riddle of Delaware County donated his piece of 72 acre land together with $ 2.5 million for construction of a hospital for his community (Schwarzschild, 2007, p 209). A memorial hospital was put up in his honour covering a total of 34 acres. The remaining piece of land was used to put up a fully equipped and modern retirement home.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The home is decent in every manner and is designed to provide a healthy, conducive and secure environment to the residents. The apartments developed at the riddle retirement village comprise of large lobbies, dinning rooms and bedrooms ranging from one to three in number. The apartments are also attached to ensure that the residents do not move outside for either dinner or seeing an ill partner (Schwarzschild, 2007, p 211). The riddle village is committed to enriching the life of the retired individuals by providing care and a high quality living environment. Health care and recreational services as well as the security of the residents are guaranteed. The workforce providing care is highly skilled and committed to providing quality home care to the retired residents. Apart from providing the best care to the residents, the management is also committed to the welfare of the workers, making them be committed to the work because they are satisfie d by the employer’s treatment (Schwarzschild, 2007, p 212). Commitment by both the management and workers to the quality of the life of the residents has made the village run for this long. The village has a future, based on the achievement that it has gained in providing quality care to the residents. There are other retirement homes providing similar care to retired individuals, however, the uniqueness in the quality of home care provided by riddle village makes it a preferred place. Most other retirement care centers do not prepay sufficient amount of money to cater for the health care of the residents. This is attributed to failure by the care centers to attract younger populations. The centers have only older population whose age again continues to advance with time (Roe Beech, 2005, p63). With the soaring cost of medical care in the US, many retirement homes have had to alter their policies in regard to health care service provision to the residents. The retirement com munity as a result has been forced to subsidize their older medical service contracts as a result of the increased medical care service ceilings. Statement Need Because of the numerous problems that retired people face alone at home, there is a need for a home that provides them a dignified and quality life after retirement. The riddle village ranks as the best place, providing retirees an excellent living environment after retirement.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Riddle Village Retirement Homes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The solution lies in convincing retirees to sell their apartments and joining the riddle village retirement center. The centre provides a compressive care ranging from medical, cooking, washing and recreation facilities. There is also the benefit of company provided by the staff as well as peers who are also residents of the village. By selling their apartments, they will be a ble to subsidize their living expenses at the centre and enjoy the quality living standards that the center provides. Since most of the retirees are elderly people beyond a productive age, the riddle centre would provide them with an excellent environment to spend the rest of their life after retirement. Besides, the retirees will be willing to be in a place that is devoid of stress and provides a quality living standard. The admission policy to the village is not discriminatory; it is not based on sex, race, religion or any other discriminating criterion. Admission is strictly based on the state and federal rights law that emphasize on like opportunities for all people (Hunt, 2005, p 59). This applies not only to residents but also the workers in the organization. This fact eliminates the fear that an individual may sell his or her apartment and fail to be admitted to the village based on any illegal discriminatory criterion. The home provides a variety of three living levels makin g it flexible for those interested in joining. The three levels of living include residential living, assisted living and skilled nursing care (Schwarzschild, 2007, p 44). Resident living provides an opportunity to one who is fully retired from all chores. Services provided to such individuals include; cooking, cleaning. Residents enjoy the relaxation in luxurious environment of the riddle village. The retirement community provides recreational, social cultural and educational lifestyle making it a complete lifestyle (Roe Beech, 2005, p57). Assisted living is meant for individuals seeking a little help with their routine activities. Services offered at the riddle village to assisted living individuals include; bathing administering drugs and dressing. The riddle village management provides such individuals with private studios or single bed roomed apartments. Skilled nursing care is provided by the supportive staff that works diligently to provide nursing care to individuals who re quire medical services. The riddle village retirement home provides more advantage to the resident, with a flexible lifestyle commendable to the retirees. With the numerous advantages, and the quality of life that the village offers, it is expected that the retirees will prefer life in the village to staying alone at their home with no one to take care of them or provide social company. The benefits of the village to those admitted are as soon as one becomes a member; there is no waiting time to begin enjoying the benefits.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plan of Action The solution is to be implemented in a time frame of three months based on a sensitization process. This will involve carrying out a sensitization campaign to make potential residents of the village aware of the offer that the riddle retirement home has for them. The campaign is to be carried out through different media outlets as well as through word of mouth. The effectiveness of the strategy applied shall be assessed on a monthly basis by finding out the effect of the campaign on the number of enrollment at the riddle retirement home. Key personnel to be involved in the campaign will include; the senior management team at the village, workers unions and the media people. Employers will also feature on the list of key persons required for the campaign. Employers have a responsibility of providing advice and direction to their retiring employees on how to spend life after retirement. Many employees fail in this responsibility and let out their retiring staff without proper life skills to survive after retirement (Casey, 2009, p 434). With the retirement home centers, retirees leave employment walk into an environment that provides quality care. Employers will be expected awareness about the riddle village home offers retirees through seminars and other forums that they use to interact with employees. The management team at the Riddle village shall provide information that shall be used to assess the effectiveness of the strategy applied in the sensitization program. The information is important as it will let us know whether the strategies in use are producing the expected impact or not. In case the strategy does not produce an expected impact, then appropriate amendments shall be putting place to avoid waste of funds. The media people will play the role of passing on the information to the general public. This will be through TV and radio programs that relay relevant information on retirement. The campaign process will involve printing and dis tributing brochures and flyers with information on the services provided by the riddle village. TV and radio adverts as well as spreading the information through word of mouth will be significant means of getting the information to the targeted audience. The campaign will take place for three months, TV and radio adverts will be aired for one week within the three month period. Budget for Implementation of the Solution The costs to be incurred in the implementation process for the solution will include printing of flyers and brochures, travelling costs, placing TV and radio ads, and contingencies. To minimize the cost of printing, a personal printer shall be used to reduce printing cost to an average of $ 100. Travelling costs shall be high as it will be a requirement to distribute the flyers and brochures. The US general service agency rates the rate per mileage at $ 0.5 per mile; the journey to be covered in the process will be approximately 1200 miles, resulting to a cost of $ 60 0. Running a TV and Radio ad for a week will cost averagely $ 7,000. Contingencies for the process will be at an average of $ 500 to cater for unforeseen expenses. The total budget for the implementation of the solution shall be $ 8, 200. Work Schedule Implementation of the proposed solution will require contacting the key personnel needed to assist in the implementation. They include; five major employers within the Delaware region, preparation and printing of awareness materials and preparing TV and radio ads. This will require an average period of one month in order to contact each of the listed persons and prepare for the start of the implementation process. The implementation process will be for a period of two and a half months. Radio and TV awareness will take one week, as the distribution of flyers and brochures take the rest of the time. Brochures and flyers distribution shall target busy places such as churches, markets and hospitals. It is expected that the huge numbers o f persons who visit such places will aid in spreading the information to as many people as possible. The period of three months is sufficient to allow the monthly evaluation to determine the effectiveness of the strategy. Mode of Evaluation The response received at the riddle village retirement home in terms of applications from potential applicants. The information shall be sourced from the riddle village management team on a monthly basis. An increase in the number of applicants wishing to join the riddle village will be viewed as a success of the program. It is expected that the approach will create awareness to potential applicant. Conclusion and Recommendations Retirees face many challenges living on their own after retirement. They pose burdens to their children as dependants requiring personal and medical care. Boredom and stress sets heavily on them causing miserable life for them. Riddle village retirement home is a noble idea for retires. The village is designed to provide excellent and quality life for them, recreation, education and social needs of the residents is well catered for by the organization. This report recommends riddle village retirement home as an ideal place for people in retirement based on the standard of life that the organization provides its resident. The management also caters for the well being of their staff meaning it is a good place as well for workers. This information should be spread out to as many people as possible so that retirees are made aware of these excellent living conditions for them. Reference List Casey, B. (2009). Redundancy and Early Retirement: The Interaction of Public and Private Policy in Britain, Germany and the USA. British Journal of Industrial Relations, volume 30 Issue 3 p 425-435. Web. Hunt, E. M., (2005). Retirement Communities: an American Original. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Roe, B. H. Beech, R. (2005). Intermediate and Continuing Care: Policy and Practice. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Schwarzschild, E., (2007). The Family Diamond: Stories. New York: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. This research paper on Riddle Village Retirement Homes was written and submitted by user Jaydin D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mp3s a new age problem essays

Mp3s a new age problem essays Music is beautiful, and the artists who create it are greatly appreciated. Music lets you escape reality or get you in touch with reality. Most people can relate to a lot of songs, the reason for this is because the artists who write the songs are in some way or another, just like you and me. In the last two years MP3s have become very popular over the Internet and on computers. The new fad deals with sharing MP3 files with other users by downloading the songs from their computer to yours. Is sharing songs between numerous users over the Internet a good or bad concept? Is it illegal and can you get into some legal trouble for doing this? MP3 is short for Moving Picture Experts Group, Audio Layer III, and is a compression format that shrinks audio files with only a small sacrifice in sound quality. MP3 files can be compressed at different rates, but the more they are scrunched, the worse the sound quality. So are they good or are they bad? Good of course! Well it depends on what you use your MP3 files for. If you use them on your own hard drive, for your own personal use and not on any other servers, then youre not a distributor. As long as you keep your MP3s in the privacy of your own hard drive and not on the web, its okay, because youre relatively harmless. You get to download a song and make up your own play lists of songs that you enjoy, without having to go out and spend your money on a CD that you might not end up liking. In most cases, after you heard the songs on your computer and find a band that youre musically interested in, youll buy that CD. One of the reasons that MP3s are so popular is because the y come with so much convenience. Most people would rather download a song then run out to the nearest CD retailer to buy one. Why are MP3s bad? The view of the recording industries is that MP3s are threat to their very ways of life. (Anonymo...

Comparison of Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness essays

Comparison of Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness essays Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness share parallel characters, ideas and dialogues, but most important is the distinct similarity between central themes. Each deals with the primitive, animalistic qualities stifled within the modern, refined man which will emerge indefinitely in the absence of civilization. The Kurtz's from each work abandon society and become engrossed in the primitive ways of the jungle, rediscovering their basest human instincts. On a superficial level, one could compare the characters of Heart of Darkness to those of Apocalypse Now. Marlow, on his downriver journey in Africa is a parallel to Willard, on his assassination mission on the river in Vietnam. Each man is on an intrinsic journey as well as a physical one, finding spiritual enlightenment in the darkest of places. The Kurtz's are obvious parallels, not only appellatively but also behaviorally, in that they feed on their instincts and desert their learned morals. Although both men are high-ranked military prodigies, the high attained from being coveted as a god among the natives causes them to depart from their ethics. Even the most minor characters, such as Phillips and Phillips and the Russian and the photojournalist are parallel. In both works, Kurtz is seen as the rebel. He has broken off from the rest of society and rebelled from the mores that had been imposed upon him, living by his instincts. The disenfranchised can be seen as the native Africans who are treated like animals and worked to death in camps in Heart of Darkness , and the civilian Cambodians in Apocalypse Now . In both works we see a genius turn rebel, choosing to join in the lives of the disenfranchised in order to be worshipped as a deity. There are also similarities within the dialogues of the novel and the movie.I don't want to bother you much with what happened to me personally?yet to understand the effect of it on me you ought to know how I got out there, what I saw...

Easy Jet Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Easy Jet Airlines - Essay Example The CEO - Stelios is known for exceptional decision-making and problem-solving skills (including correct analysis, comparison of alternatives, and selecting best alternative), Value driven; possesses qualities of honesty and integrity, Takes initiative and plans accordingly (includes planning, organizational, and time and conflict management skills), Holds accountability for actions, Knowledge in given field, Observant and reacts to employee/customer needs, Effectively assumes responsibility and rewards/punishes accordingly, Promotes team-building and relationship building. Stelios, founder and CEO of easyJet Airlines, want to offer low cost airlines to its customer & to become leader in airline industries. He believed that in order to be successful, it was important to be first to market and to saturate the geographic market. The main issue with the easyJet is that due to monopoly of European Airline Industry, it is very difficult to become the global leader in Airline Industry. Due to monopoly of European airlines, easyJet airlines are not able to enter in to the European countries. For that Stelios had done a lot of efforts to attract passengers towards easyJet. He offered low cost tickets, easy ticketing procedure through internet or phone call, and also he purchase some front seat tickets of an European airlines and send his employee in a uniform that is advertising for Easy Jet. It means some passengers traveling in an European airlines are advertising for Easyjet Airlines. To succeed successfully in the airline industry, a company must be led by a visionary leader with good decision making skills. The leader must be in-line with the organizational culture, promoting a favorable internal environment. In order to become the global leader, Stelios, founder & CEO of jet Airlines tries his hand in other business in 1999. Among his pet projects was the creation of a cyber cafà © business called easyEverything cafà ©. easyEverything will provide internet at lower cost (Less than a phone

Life Science Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life Science Reflections - Essay Example It is different when we understand the science of life. Through it, we see the relationship of life within and without them and all needing each other to support and sustain life. By studying life science, I understood that all lives are interrelated. This relationship is not limited to lives other species but also to the internal mechanism within the body of each living organism. Within it, there is a universe of functions that make an organism breathe, move, fly, walk and any other function associated with life. Life science also makes me appreciate nature more. By understanding how the birds fly and how the fish able to stay underwater makes me wonder about the life mechanism that makes them do these things. I also understand that the forest is not just a bunch of trees but a collection of life that needs each other to live and thrive. I also learn that they are better off on their own as nature have its own way of taking care of its own. I also realized that we humans are in fact the biggest threat to lives other than ourselves. Corollary to this, I fully understood what ecosystem is really all about. I realized that it is not just the interrelationship of lives in nature that needs each other survive. It is a principle of creating the ideal environment that sustains life and activity. It tells us human beings not to disrupt them because each creature, each life is important for the entire cycle of life to exist. This principle can even be applied to our lives of not disrupting the ecosystem that makes us thrive. Through the understanding of life science, I also learn how to become more respectful of life and how take care of life more. I saw their strength and their weakness as well. They can be fragile when abused but can quite be resilient when left on their own. I also learned that nature has its own way of healing itself. I also learned that

ESP Course at Technical Secondary Vocational School for Construction and Building Trade students Essay Example for Free

ESP Course at Technical Secondary Vocational School for Construction and Building Trade students Essay The paper is about ESP course in technical secondary school to construct the trade students. The paper first discuses the meaning of ESP and then tells about its characteristics. It discusses the role of English as a trade and finance language globally and then further narrates the various steps that are being taken by various countries’ governments to promote English for Specific Purposes programs for its workforce. The paper reflects that these governments understand the importance of introducing ESP courses at secondary level so that their people can comfortable choose the vocational field of their own choice. This paper offers a research of made efforts especially by Asian countries. There are three reasons for the emergence of ESP (Kristen Gatehouse, 2001): i) The revolution in linguistics; ii) The demands of a Brave New World and iii) Focus on the learner ESP has some following characteristics (Kristen Gatehouse, 2001): †¢ ESP is to fulfill some particular requirements of the learner. †¢ ESP includes grammar, lexis, skills and varieties of activities. †¢ ESP can have some particular disciplines. †¢ ESP is mainly planned for intermediate or advanced students. †¢ ESP is planned for adult learners who can be at secondary level also that is in a professional work situation. According to Dudley Evans and St. John (1998), there are five major roles for an ESP practitioner: i) course designer; ii) teacher; iii) researcher; iv) collaborator and v) evaluator (Kristen Gatehouse, 2001). David Carter has categorized ESP in three parts (Kristen Gatehouse, 2001): †¢ English with some particular topics †¢ English for Occupational and Academic Purposes both †¢ English as a Restricted Language English with some particular topics transfer from purpose to topics and it is generally used by the scientists. Hutchinson and Waters have made three divisions of English for Occupational and Academic Purposes: a) English for Business and Economics that is EBE; b) English for Science and Technology that is EST; c) English for Social Studies that is ESS. English as a Restricted Language is used by traffic controllers and by waiters (Kristen Gatehouse, 2001). According to Carter (1983) ESP courses have three common features (Kristen Gatehouse, 2001): †¢ Authentic Material †¢ Purpose Related Orientation †¢ Self-Direction Dudley Evans (1997) has argued that ESP should be recommended at secondary or intermediate level. His argument was that at this stage authentic leaning material is very practical that can be modified and unmodified in form which makes it ESP’s main characteristic. It emphasizes on self directed study and research tasks. Most of the students were evaluated on the basis of independent study assignments for doing language preparation for Employment in Health Sciences where the learners needed to make researches and they had to show their area of interest. The students were motivated to make researches by using various kinds of resources including internet (Kristen Gatehouse, 2001). In the 21st century the function of English has become as the language of trade, technology and finance. This language is bonding the rest of the business world for international trade and economic development. The children who belong to this globalize age, it has become necessary for them to get hold of the communication abilities in English as a business and trade language (Dorothea C. Lazaro and Erlinda M. Medalla, 2004). As ESP program is spreading in various countries on different levels, in Czechoslovakia it began in 1991 that aimed to promote the teaching of ESP in the Technical Universities and their allied institutions (Serena Yeo, 1995). Presently the aim of the course is almost same but there are some changes to use it at some broader aspect to make it more influential. It aims to increase the confidence of teachers at secondary level. Various kinds of seminars are conducted by the advisors for the university lecturers and ESP teachers of vocational and specialist secondary schools (Serena Yeo, 1995). In many developing countries of Asia, the altering demands of the labor force are daring the utility of traditional schooling and university education. People want the assurance the skills and the language learned at school will help them professionally. In Japan, ESP is being widely recognized and ESP training programs are being given importance. The main idea is to motivate the students by improving their communication skills which later help them to adopt the professional field of their choice. China is also vigorously executing English proficiency training programs to motivate its people. ESP courses are being introduced at secondary level. In Taiwan, English has become compulsory subject at junior and senior levels in schools. Hong Kong is also following the same trend (Dorothea C. Lazaro and Erlinda M. Medalla, 2004). Now there is a hope that these motivations on various levels in many countries can have a bright future for ESP that is being understood a major effort to build the future of students professionally or vocational level. For making it more successful the role of teacher is also being assumed very significant. So it can be observed that the teaching of ESP at vocational level is very much demanding everywhere in schools.

Essay --

â€Å"Join, or Die† Rhetorical Analysis Looking back in American history, it is needless to say that there were many trials and tribulations that were overcome to achieve the freedom U.S citizens have today. In retrospect, it is astonishing how the colonists were oppressed by the British for more than a century and finally joined together with courage to revolt against them. This type of revolution would not have been alive if it were not for the art of rhetoric. Political icons in American history used rhetoric to stoke the wrath of colonists to revolt against the British. Founding Father, Benjamin Franklin, significantly used visual rhetoric to persuade the colonies to unite together with his first political cartoon entitled, â€Å"Join, or Die,† which was published in the Pennsylvania Gazette in 1754. Benjamin Franklin used his credibility to establish a well-crafted rhetorical illustration, in which its symbolization, initials, and caption all play an active role in the ground breaking drawing, which changed the minds of colonists towards the pursuit of freedom that is exercised today. Benjamin Franklin’s reputation during this time is what fueled â€Å"Join, or Die† to be more than just a drawing. He contributed many scientific inventions as well as insightful publications to society. His contributions earned him the credibility and reputation for being an intelligent individual. â€Å"Join, or Die† was the first political cartoon to be published in a newspaper like the Pennsylvania Gazette, indicating that impacted drawings such as this were not familiar to the public yet. Due to Franklin’s positive and respectful ethos, this political cartoon was taken with more consideration, instead of being tossed off as a mediocre sketch in a newspape... ... towards the colonies that are individually recognized. The failure to independently recognize each of the thirteen colonies in their own respect hinders his degree of persuasion towards his audience. Although there were snags in Benjamin Franklin’s political cartoon, it nevertheless accomplished its goal of persuading the colonists to band together as a harmonized force against the British for freedom. It is undeniable that Benjamin’s Franklin’s rhetorical methods were successful in his political cartoon, â€Å"Join, or Die†. The visual captured the minds of many colonists and led them towards the idea of revolution, and it is still appreciated today. Although there were drawbacks in the illustration, it nevertheless accomplished persuasion, and it is one of the many contributions that pushed colonists into fighting for the freedom that is exercised in America today.

Improving Writing Needs Essay

Similarly, there had been many studies that seek to show on how to improve the overall capabilities of individual writing particularly among international students. One example is the contribution of Petersen wherein she addressed the needs of international students as far as writing is concerned. She made emphasis on the idea of reaching out and helping international students cope with the challenges of writing. â€Å"If all of us give common messages to international students, making our expectations explicit, we may be able to help them reach higher levels of proficiency in American academic English sooner. † (Petersen, 2008) One of the challenges presented by Petersen as far as student writing is concerned involves international students’ difficulty in coping with timed writing assignments and essays. â€Å"As the complexity of the thinking involved in the task increases and the processing time decreases, grammatical and syntactical forms the student can normally control tend to break down. † (Petersen, 2008) Due to this, the teacher must create effective strategies to enhance writing but at the same time maintaining the challenge of time constraints in the activity. This is just one of the problems elaborated by Petersen in her article. By being constantly aware of these challenges and anticipating the occurrence of the problem, teachers and educators can have an active and firm stand in increasing the competency of international students in the realm of writing. Enhancing Reading Skills Another important facet in the facilitation of education is reading. For students to fully acquire and develop the skills that are given to them in the classroom, effective reading must be made. However, this may seem to be a problem of international students as the pace and degree of learning is halted or slowed due to several constraints. Due to this, teachers must create active scenarios that will enhance student reading capabilities particularly among international students. The study of Brassell and Furtado examines the way vocabulary can serve as a hindrance in the development of better reading for non-English students. These barriers can serve as an impediment for learning and enhancement of information. â€Å"Many barriers prevent English as Second Language learner from grasping new vocabulary, but one of the biggest challenge is the minimal time teachers devote to vocabulary instruction. † (Brassell and Furtado, 2008, p. 110) Several facets of the English language remain to be difficult for international students to understand. By actually helping international students become aware of these and minimizing such occurrence inside the classroom, they can be able to adopt, enhance and develop their reading skills which are necessary in their education. â€Å"Beyond providing students with lots of interesting books, teachers should facilitate a variety of vocabulary activities for their students. † (Brassell and Furtado, 2008, p. 115) Conclusion With these, personal involvement may be a good approach in further enhancing the realm of developing reading and writing skills. International students deserve extra care and attention for they are still adjusting to the current trends of the educational environment. â€Å"Student perceived issues do not always match educator-perceived issues; nevertheless, eliciting information from the students allows them to become part of the solution. † (Lee, 1997, p. 100) It is therefore necessary for every teacher and educational institution to create efficient and effective scenarios that will cater to the needs of international students. By doing these things, the welfare of international students are taken into consideration. Different methods and schemes may have been in place, the action now goes back to educational institutions and teachers to actively take part in the process of developing skills needed by students to actively combat the challenges brought about by society. References Arkoudis, S.(2006) Teaching International Students: Strategies to Enhance Learning in Centre for the Study of Higher Education. [online] Retrieved May 12, 2008 from http://www. cshe. unimelb. edu. au/pdfs/international. pdf Brassell, D. and Furtado, L. (2008) Enhancing English as a Second Language Students’ Vocabulary Knowledge in The Reading Matrix. 8 no. 1 [online] Retrieved May 12, 2008 from http://www. readingmatrix. com/articles/brassell_furtado/article. pdf Koffolt, K. and Holt, S. L. (1997) Using the â€Å"Writing Process† with Non-Native Users of English in New Directions for Teaching and Learning. no. 70 Retrieved May 12, 2008. pp. 53-61 Lee, D. S. (1997) What Teachers Can Do to Relieve Problems Identified by International Students in New Directions for Teaching and Learning. no. 70. Retrieved May 12, 2008. pp. 93-102. Nelson, G. L. (1997) How Cultural Differences Affect Written and Oral Communication: The Case of Peer Response Groups in New Directions for Teaching and Learning. no. 70. Retrieved May 12, 2008. pp. 77-85 Petersen, L. (2008) Writing Needs of International Students. Retrieved May 12, 2008 from http://www. cgu. edu/pages/949. asp

History: Sociology and Karl Marx Essay

Sociology is the study of people within a society. Three important Modernist Thinkers; Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber are the three important figures in sociology. During the time of the modernist thinkers, they played a role in sociology thinking. This paper will explore the importance on why these three figures are considered modernist thinkers. What there main focus was and how they are considered a modernist thinker. Karl Marx was born in 1818. He was a German philosopher who believed that material goods are part of the social world. Marx was committed to revolutionist. Marx was trying to influence the social movement. According to Marx, the ideal government would be a communist state where resources are equally shared. Marx was involved in political and social issues which later on lead to more a communist theory. Marx theory on history is focused on whether or not society will rise and fall. Based on this theory Marx was influenced by Hegel. Marx belief on history evolved from many unpredictable directions. Marx was trying to explain the analysis of capitalist within societies and the economic failures that were produced. He suggested different socialist remedies. In the article â€Å"Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s philosophy of Right† by Karl Marx, â€Å"The foundation of irreligious criticism is: Man makes religion, religion does not make man. Religion is, indeed, the self-consciousness and self-esteem of man who has either not yet won through to himself, or has already lost himself again. But man is no abstract being squatting outside the world. Man is the world of man – state, society† in other words Marx was thinking about how a human being could exist. Religion is dependent on economics such as â€Å" state and society† Marx explained that capitalist takes more of our productive labor where as religion we believe there is a god or to be called that there is a god. Accordi ng to Karl Marx, alienated labor is the process of capitalism. We create dominates us. The difference of alienated labor is â€Å"the relationship of the worker to the product of labour, the second is the relationship of the labour to the act of production, and lastly is the difference is man is a species-being not only in that practically and theoretically he makes both his own and other species into his objects† (15) this is the consequences of man alienation of production from work. Therefore man is opposed from himself. Social change fits with Karl Marx perspective because Karl Marx believed there needed to be a better society and with a social change there was going to be conflict. One of the conflicts was the class conflict, the capitalist. With social change he was able to produce a better society even though there were going to be economic problems. Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist argued that society had to be studied on its own. He was the primary of society. In Durkheim’s perspective society influences individual through norms and social facts. The way an individual think or acts is constituted as a proper domain which is defined as a â€Å"constraint† in Durkheim perspective. â€Å"Constraint† is used to identify the reason behind social facts. A constraint holds power over an individual and becomes stronger over reaction. He believed that societies are held together by values. Durkheim main focus was the concern of social order, how does modern society hold together given the individualism of an individual. In the article Suicide Durkheim connects division of labour and anomie. In Suicide he connects the analysis of suicide, by exploring the different rates, different places and to explain how they are different. Emile Durkheim treats religion by according to the article â€Å"In the Human Meaning of Religion, Durkheim differentiates religion in the context of social life. It states: â€Å"religion is a mirror of society and that in fact what people take to be the realm of the sacred is society itself†(68), in other words religion is a reflection of society. The importance function of religion is to make us act. He states: â€Å"If among certain peoples the ideas of sacredness, the soul and God are to explain sociologically, it should be presumed scientifically that, in principle, the same explanation is valid from all the peoples among whom these same ideas are found with the same characteristics† (68). Based on this article religion is the meaning of life, it provides support and authority figures. Religion impacts and influences society and effects different social norms an individual. Based on my understanding social change does fit with Durkheim perspective. Therefore; in the article Division of Labour in Society, Durkheim focuses on the origin of connecting individual with one another with society, he analysis the social change and explains the conflict in modern society. In Durkheim perspective what unite us is called â€Å"social solidarity† which brings individuals together. In the article it states: â€Å"Society it not seen in the same aspect in the two cases. In the first, what we call society is more or less organized totality of beliefs and sentiments†¦ the society in which we are solidarity in the second instance is system of different, special functions which definite relations unite† (107) meaning solaridity is based on similarity because it binds us together but is different because we are different people. With Durkheim producing social change it was reduced by social reform. Max Weber was a German sociologist. Weber agreed with Marx that individuals had to fight to protect their own property and interest. He also agreed with French sociologist Durkheim; that people interest is determined by shared values. Weber believed in causality. There were multiple causes on why people behave the way they do according to him. He also believed that society is more of rationality and bureaucracy. Sociology should be more of a social action according to Weber. Weber work was the process of rationalization. Rationalization is where rules and laws dominate sectors of society in the model of a bureaucracy. According to Weber â€Å"Class, Status, Party; the way in which social honor is distributed in a community between typical grounds participating in this distribution we may call the ‘social order’. The social order and the economic order are, of course, similarly related to the ‘legal order’ (102), class, status and party was a source of social conflict that became a social difference. Class and status influences one another where as† ‘parties’ live in a house of power† (106) in other words Weber was trying to explain that these spheres are connected by distribution of power. Status makes up the social order and classes are the economic order each promotes power and social change In the article â€Å"Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism† focuses on the religions ideas and economic behavior as part of the rationalization of the economic system. It states: â€Å"We can treat ascetic Protestantism as a single whole. But Since that side of English Puritanism which was derived from Calvinism gives the most consistent religious basis for the idea of calling , we shall, following our previous method , place one of its representatives at the center of the discussion†(158).Weber explore the emergency of capitalism was by an ascetic spirit of sacrifice. The development of capitalism was influences by Calvinism. In the society of this time they had more highly capitalist who were Protestants. Social change fits with Weber perspective because in the article Bureaucracy, it states â€Å"The principles of office hierarchy and of levels of graded authority mean a firmly ordered system of super- and subordination in which there is a supervision of lower offices by the higher ones† (89) bureaucracy is a social order where as the authority who changes the order it becomes a social change to society. In conclusion three important figures of sociology were Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. Each three were considered modernist thinkers for sociology. Even though they all had different theories and ideas, Marx believed economics was the force of social change where Weber though religion was. Reference Emile Durkheim selections from â€Å"Division of Labor in Society† From Scott Appelrouth and Laura Edles (eds.) Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory (Pine Forge Press, 2008) Emile Durkheim selections from â€Å"Suicide† From Scott Appelrouth and Laura Edles (eds.) Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory (Pine Forge Press, 2008) Emile Durkheim â€Å"The Human Meaning of Religion† From Peter Kivisto (ed) Social Theory: Roots and Branches (Oxford University Press, 2008). Karl Marx â€Å"Alienated Labor† From Peter Kivisto (ed) Social Theory: Roots and Branches (Oxford University Press, 2008). Karl Marx â€Å"Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right† From Christopher Hitchens (ed) The Portable Atheist (Nation Books, 2009) Max Weber â€Å"Bureaucracy† From Peter Kivisto (ed) Social Theory: Roots and Branches (OxfordUniversity Press, 2008). Max Weber â€Å"Class, Status, Party† From Peter Kivisto (ed) Social Theory: Roots and Branches Max Weber selections from â€Å"Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism† From Scott Appelrouth and Laura Edles (eds.) Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory (Pine Forge Press, 2008).

What Is Subrogation Should You Waive It

What Is Subrogation Should You Waive It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Signing up for car insurance and not sure if it's worth it to pay a premium to waive subrogation? Or maybe you've been in an accident and the other person has offered to settle with you if you sign a waiver of subrogation- should you do it? What is subrogation, really? Before you decide, you'll need to understand what subrogation is and why you would (or wouldn't) want to waive it. In this guide, we define subrogation and explain when and why it occurs to help you make an informed decision. What Is Subrogation? In layman’s terms, subrogation occurs when Person A owes something (usually money) to Person B, and Person C steps in and legally takes Person B’s place (including the rights to what Person A owed to Person B). An example would be if you owed money to a loan company and someone else bought your debt. The person who bought your debt could then use subrogation to have you pay them back the debt (even though you didn’t borrow any money from this person originally). Here’s the more technical subrogation definition: â€Å"The substitution of one person in the place of another with reference to a lawful claim, demand or right so that he who is substituted succeeds to the rights of the other in relationship to the debt or claim, and its rights, remedies, or securities.† (source: Black's Law Dictionary) You’re most likely to encounter subrogation when dealing with insurance claims, but it can also crop up in situations with guarantors (like co-signers of a lease or a loan). How Does Subrogation Work? Because the most common place people encounter subrogation is in dealing with car insurance, I’ll explain it through an example of a car insurance claim. Let’s say you're driving along the highway one day and you get into an accident with another driver. One of your brake lights is cracked, your rear bumper is hanging off one side, and you need a new paint job. To pay for the repairs to your car, you file a claim to your insurance company with the other driver’s insurance information and cross your fingers. If your insurance company determines the other party was at fault, they’ll pay the claim to cover the damage (minus your deductible). You get your car repaired, and your life goes on as usual. Behind the scenes, however, your insurance company will seek to recover their costs from the other party’s insurance company (or if that’s not possible, from the other party). It is the right of subrogation that allows your insurer to seek to recoup the money that they paid out to you in the claim from the at-fault party. For the most part, the only involvement you'll have in this whole process is if your insurance company chooses to pursue subrogation. If they do, they’re legally obligated to inform you and attempt to recover the cost of your deductible as part of the money they're seeking from the at-fault party. If your insurance company does pursue subrogation, they'll require you to cooperate with their subrogation attempt. Among other things, this means that you likely won’t be permitted to sign a waiver of subrogation after an accident or claim. What Is a Waiver of Subrogation? A waiver of subrogation means that you give up your right to have another party (usually your insurance company) attempt to recover what a third party owes you. Let's return to the example of car insurance for a moment. Most insurance contracts forbid you from signing a waiver of subrogation after you’ve already filed a claim. You may be able to sign one in advance of any accident if your insurance allows for adding waiver of subrogation endorsements to existing policies. If you do this, however, your insurance company might charge you an extra premium to try and minimize their losses that way. By signing a waiver of subrogation, you waive your car insurer’s right to try to recover their costs (including the cost of your deductible). You’re most likely to come across waiver of subrogation clause after an accident if the at-fault party in the accident or their insurance company attempts to settle with you directly (without going through your insurance company). They’ll want you to sign a waiver of subrogation so that they’re not at risk of being hit up twice for the same incident (once from you, once from your car insurance pursuing subrogation). In most cases, your own car insurance will require you to notify them if you’ve decided to sign a waiver of subrogation (just as they have to notify you if they opt to pursue subrogation against the at-fault party or their insurance). That way, your insurance company won’t waste time and legal fees trying to get back money the at-fault party already paid out to you. Should You Sign a Waiver of Subrogation? While signing a waiver of subrogation can save you the hassle of lawsuits and dealing with insurance claims, it also means you’re far less likely to be able to recover any non-out-of-pocket costs (like all or part of your deductible). If you let your insurance company pursue subrogation, they become responsible for all the legal fees and paperwork and hassle- all you have to do is wait and see if they’re successful in recovering any of your deductible. Therefore, you should be very cautious about signing a waiver of subrogation clause, either in your car insurance contract or for a settlement after an accident. Not only might it be forbidden if you’ve already filed an insurance claim and didn’t have a waiver of subrogation signed with your insurance company before, but it could also mean that you end up with a smaller payment than you would otherwise. The only reasons to consider signing a waiver of subrogation are if: you have sizeable out-of-pocket costs that you’re hoping to recover (since your insurance company can only pursue subrogation for costs they’re responsible for), OR you believe you’ll be able to get a more favorable settlement than your insurance company would Even in these cases, however, be aware that if you sign a waiver of subrogation after the accident, your insurance might refuse to pay all or some of your claim (making it imperative that you win your suit against the at-fault party or their insurance). Other Kinds of Subrogation Aside from dealing with car insurance, you might encounter subrogation claims in a few other situations. Subrogation will most often be at issue when it comes to various types of insurance, including homeowners’ insurance- and health insurance-related subrogation claims, but it can occur with contracts of any sort. In the next couple of sections, we'll discuss the other two most common ways you'll come across subrogation in your day-to-day life: health insurance and student loan repayment. Health Insurance Subrogation For health insurance, subrogation most often comes up in the context of personal injury lawsuits. If you successfully sue another party for medical damages, your health insurance will often make a claim for part of your settlement through their right of subrogation. This might seem strange at first, but it turns out there’s a good (and in most cases, fair) reason for this. As with car insurance, when you sign up for health insurance, part of what you agree to is that the health insurance company will pay your claims on the condition that it has the right to seek reimbursement for your claims from whoever is responsible. When you go to the doctor’s office, you’re the responsible party, which is why you pay your premiums and have a co-pay. When it comes to a situation where you’ve been injured in an accident by a third party and have successfully won a suit against them, however, this changes- that third party is now responsible for your medical bills. If your health insurance company is to get reimbursed at all for your medical expenses, it must be from that third party’s payment to you. They can’t claim it from the third party themselves – otherwise, you’d be getting doubly reimbursed (your medical bills paid by the insurance company + the settlement from the third party), and the third party would be getting doubly charged, which is against the law. So while it might seem unfair that your health insurance company gets part of the settlement, it makes sense. The good news is that you won’t have to pay more than the insurer would pay for the same services. For instance, if a hospital charges $2,000 for a lab test connected to your treatment but your insurance company only has to pay $400, you would only owe the insurance company $400 out of your settlement. Student Loan Subrogation Currently, the federal government offers direct student loans, which means the loans are offered directly through and guaranteed against default by the Department of Education. If you took out a federal student loan before 2010, however, your loan would have been guaranteed by a separate student loan guarantor agency. If your loan involves a guarantor of any kind, it could be subrogated if the agency that originally guaranteed your loan you sells off your loans to a third party. The most common case where this occurs is when the Department of Education buys back a loan from one of these agencies. Unless it is otherwise prohibited by law or the loan contract you originally signed, the Department of Education can then step into the shoes of the original student loan guarantor agency to collect the loan back from you, even if you had defaulted on the loan. Besides causing you the financial burden of having to pay back a defaulted student loan, student loan subrogation will also have a negative impact on your credit score. Because the subrogation means that you now technically owe money to someone new (even though you haven’t taken out a new loan), your defaulted loan will reappear on your credit history and cause your credit score to drop. Subrogation Claims: The Bottom Line You can define subrogation as what happens when you owe something (usually money) to one entity and a second entity steps into the shoes of the first entity to collect what’s owed. Subrogation most often comes up in the context of car insurance claims, but it can be pursued under other circumstances as well, including health insurance claims and student loan repayment. In the context of insurance, you might be able to sign a waiver of subrogation endorsement before any issues arise for an additional premium. If you try to sign a waiver of subrogation afterwards, however, you might end up having your insurance claim partially or totally rejected. If you have a defaulted loan that gets subrogated, it will reappear on your credit report after subrogation because you now owe money to someone new What’s Next? Carrying a lot of student loan debt and not sure what the best way to pay it off is? Learn when and how to consolidate your student loans. If you have a bad credit score, what are your credit card options? Read our comprehensive list of the best unsecured credit cards for people with bad credit here.

Dutch Republic essays

Dutch Republic essays In 1650 the Dutch republic, a political union of seven provinces, was a formidable commercial, financial, and naval power. The wealthiest and most powerful province was Holland, dominated by the influential merchant elite of Amsterdam, the leading banking and trading center in Europe. For the Dutch Republic, the period from 1650 to the Peace of Utrecht (1713) was one of shifting alliances and a series of military conflicts with other European powers. There were many challenges to the security of the Dutch republic from 1650-1713. The Anglo-Dutch Wars with England from 1652-54, 1664-67 took a major toll on the security of the Dutch republic. These wars resulted from the first of the English Navigation Acts, which required that English goods be transported on English ships, which was a huge boost to the development of an English merchant marine. By this time, there was a great commercial rivalry between the English and the Dutch. According to Document 1, it is seen that many naval battles were fought along the coasts of both England and the Dutch republic. In these little wars, England was relatively successful. Shown in Document 3, the Dutch seized only 500 ships from the English, while the English siezed between 2,000 and 2,700 from the Dutch. By 1672, Louis XIV of France focused his attention on the Dutch, and started the third of the Dutch Wars, in which France overran the Netherlands. This war devestated the provinces , but in the Treaty of Nijmegen (1678-79), the Dutch obtained important concessions from France. According to Document 7, the Resolution of the Amsterdam City Council states, "Not only the French monarch, but other kings seem more and more to scheme how to ruin what remains of the trade and navigation of the Dutch republic...." Many countries in Europe knew the great wealth that the Dutch republic held, and they wanted to take control of that power for themselves. Once again, the Nether...

Collaborations in a Medical Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Collaborations in a Medical Team - Essay Example The patient is the principal figure in this procedure and there are various steps to be followed in the recovery of the patient which must be to the satisfaction of the patient’s needs (Gorske and Smith, 2009).This essay gives an account of the primary and the secondary care of patients with mental illness. It outlines the various roles of doctors, nurses, psychologists, social workers and the patient as members of the primary and secondary team and how various government trusts assist in the provision of health and social services for the treatment of a person with mental illness. This essay analyzes how collaborations in a medical team involving the treatment, and care of a person with mental illness is possible through relationship building and care planning. The paper outlines the practices and procedures of mental nursing in relation to service user partnerships. It analyzes the relationships that exist between mental patients, nurses and whether the mentioned relationshi p is a partnership. On most occasions the relationship between the medical teams involved and the patients is full of tension. Partnership is as a process where two or more individual, or bodies come together to jointly work for the benefit of one another.Heller et al, (1996), observe that the relationship between medical practioners and a patient is an example of a partnership (p.32). The aspect of user partnership means the provision of care services by the patient in collaboration with the medical staff, and the main aim is to achieve a common goal which is recovery of the patient. In a mental institution, user partnership takes an example of a collaboration of a nurse with a person with mental illness. It also involves the collaboration of the medical team in providing care services to the patient which can be primary or secondary care. Acheson (1999) observes that primary health care is the first contact of a mental patient with treatment of his/her condition since it brings ca re to the locality of the patient minimizing expenses involving hospital care (p.28). Primary care increases the recovery of the mental patient and reduces the chances of separating the patient from his family due to involuntary admission to mental hospitals. The care leads to better utilization of the available human resource facilities and reduction of stigma associated with terminal illness. Provision of primary health care in England is through public and private sector, and the following are the teams involved in the provision of such services. Doctors, health visitors, support staff, nurses/assistant practitioners, psychologists, counselors and social workers. The roles of these people are different but related. For instance the roles of the doctor is to diagnose the nature of the mental illness, however, he can’t perform this duty effectively without the assistance of a nurse. The role of the medical doctors is to perform diagnosis, while the duty of nurses and social workers is to make follow ups. From this analysis, doctors and nurses require each other’s services for effective care in the primary health care system. Psychologists and counselors play an important role in the care of a terminally ill person, and a counselor has a duty to build the confidence of the patient which is low due to stigma. These people cannot effectively utilize their services without the help of social workers and the support staff (Acheson, 1999). They assist a patient in understanding their mental condition and the help in offer. The patient is a member of the primary health team, and he has the responsibility of cooperating with the medical team for his/her recovery.

The strategic position of Thorntons PLC in 2003 Essay

The strategic position of Thorntons PLC in 2003 - Essay Example The internal performance of Thorntons Plc is multi-faceted, consisting of various aspects which are inherent in its operations. An internal analysis considers the company's culture, image, organizational culture, key staff, access to natural resources, position on the experience curve, operational efficiency, operational capacity, brand awareness, market share, financial resources, exclusive contracts, and patents and trade secrets. Simplifying all these generates three main considerations-resources, capabilities, and core competencies. Thus, for decision makers inside a firm, the main challenge is the identification, development, deployment, and protection of resources, capabilities, and core competencies (What Tools Are Useful in Assessing the Internal Environment n.d.). In business terms, resources refers to the inputs that goes into the firms production process such as capital equipment, skill, individual employees, patents, finance and talented managers (Dess, Taylor & Lumpkin 2005). Resource can be classified as tangible, intangible, or organization capabilities. The resource-based view of a firm emphasizes that a "firm can earn sustainable supra-normal returns if and only if they have superior resources and those resources are protected by some form of isolating mechanisms preventing their diffusion in the whole industry" (Resource-Based View of a Firm 2007). Furthermore, these supra-normal returns are possible only if resources are valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, and non-substitutable (Dess, Lumpkin, and Taylor 2005). Tangible resources are relatively easy to identify. This category typically includes the physical and financial assets used to create value for the customer. In order to fully identify the tangible resources of Thorntons Plc, this report will divide them into financial, physical, technological, and organizational resources. 1. Physical Maintaining its reputation as one of the classic makers of indulgent confectionery, Thorntons Plc continues to use a larger proportion of manual processes in its production system. In the industry where almost all the manufacturing processes are mechanized, Thorntons take charge of the quality of its products by being fully different from its competitors. In terms of physical resource, the company becomes remarkable because of its minimal automated processes (Jennings 2003). Thorntons business is also highly dependent on its distribution channels specially its own stores. It should be noted that the company is recognized because of the number of its outlets in the whole United Kingdom (Jennings 2003). These stores have become instrumental in consistency of the services received by each customer. 2. Financial During 2003, Thorntons Plc reports total assets of 114.108 million, 27% of which is in liquid assets. Cash comprises a meager 14% of the current assets or 4.5% of the total resources. In terms of capital structure, debt finances 62.30% of its total resources while equity financing accounts for the remaining 37.7% (Thorntons Plc Annual Report 2003). It should

The Black Diasporic discourse Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Black Diasporic discourse - Term Paper Example Every period in the history of African American literature portrays its unique theme. Yet, in every period, almost all African American writers have tried to present event a quick look into the diverse and rich histories of African Americans. The transatlantic slave trade transported millions of Africans to the Americas, Caribbean, India, Europe, North Africa, and the Arab world. Numerous African American literary texts describe this great movement in detail. Michael Gomez provides a factual description of the African Diaspora in his book Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora, while Charles Henry Rowell presents a collection of African American fiction and poetry in his book Making Callaloo: 25 Years of Black Literature. This paper analyzes how the African slave trade’s shaping of the African diaspora was described in these two important books. African Diaspora in Black Literature The massive forced transport of Africans does not match precisely the meaning of dias pora. African slaves do not belong to a single ethnic or religious group, but to different beliefs, cultures, and ethnicity. However, the concept of diaspora can be related to the African diaspora in its broadest meaning of diffusion and preserved cultural traditions. Millions of Africans who were scattered across the globe through the slave trade kept hold of their culture, and continuously practiced it through rituals, traditions, music, and religion. Over the recent decades, the black Atlantic discipline has placed emphasis on the shaping of racial groups across the globe, with a focus on the flow of material objects and ideas. And still Africa is strangely missing in these lively and flourishing discourses, as the Atlantic is still viewed as mainly talking about the flow of objects, peoples, and ideas between the Americas and Europe. Hence, African American literature emerges to describe how Africa is positioned in the discourses and writings of black diasporic authors. Taking i nto consideration literary portrayals of Africa by African, black British, and African-American authors, this paper argues that a charting of Africa in diasporic literature contributes much to the reconstruction of current perspectives of diaspora. In black diaspora literary texts, the symbol of Africa refers as strongly to aspirations of liberation and restoration of a lost homeland. Read as one, the literary creations of authors, such as Caryl Phillips, Percival Everett, and the other authors included in the book Making Callaloo, make up a black Atlantic collection. This collection comprises not just writings that emphasize transnational movement across different points of the Atlantic, but also texts that adopt the theoretical features of the concept of diaspora—the effort to unearth a valuable past, the significance of memory, and the loss of home. Moreover, a study of diaspora essentially requires a thought on the outcomes of slavery, as well as an analysis on the relati onship of Africans to the Western word and its intellectual forces, specifically those that have been identified with regard to Africans—reason and modernity. Two of the most remarkable contemporary writers of African diaspora are Michael Gomez and Charles Henry Rowell. In Reversing Sail, Michael Gomez explores the factual scattering and movement of Africans since ancient times. The struggles of Africans in Europe, the Arab world, and the Mediterranean are afterward marked by their migration into the Americas, where their predicaments in territories invaded by European colonizers are examined in relation to the African

Emotional Disorder Essay Example for Free

Emotional Disorder Essay There is no clear agreement as to what constitutes â€Å"good emotional health,† and it is difficult to measure emotional function with any degree of precision. It is probably safe to say that (1) all people display disorder or inappropriate behavior at certain times, (2) behavior is strongly influenced by an individual’s ethnic and cultural background, and (3) the label of â€Å"emotionally disturbed† itself have a negative effect on a person’s behavior and on the way in which other people interact with the individual so labeled. It is generally agreed, however, that to be classified as having an emotional or behavioral disability that requires treatment, a person’s behavior must deviate markedly and chronically from established societal and cultural norms. The extent to which an individual can function in major life roles is an important rehabilitation consideration, with severe mental illness (or chronic mental illness) defined by diagnosis, duration, and attendant disability. Role impairment occurs in severe of the following five areas: (1) self care and direction, (2) interpersonal relationships, (3) learning and leisure activities, (4) independent living, and (5) economic self-sufficiency. Caution should always be used in applying the designation of â€Å"emotionally disturbed† to anyone. Some individuals with visual impairments have been viewed as exhibiting behavior patterns that are â€Å"deviant† or â€Å"abnormal† primarily because of others’ limited understanding of blindness and their lack of ability to assess the emotional states of clients who are visually impaired. Parents as the root of the problem There is a wealth of educational and psychological research starting that â€Å"dysfunctional families† produce dysfunctional children. † Professionals tend to see parents as hostile, indifferent, uninterested, uncooperative, and the source of their children’s problems (Leitch Tangri, 1998). Recent studies indicate that this foundational belief in parents as the root if their child’s emotional disability or school difficulties remains steadfast. Teachers view parents as the source of their children’s problems and believe that the parents are in need of help themselves (Bailey, Buyssee, Edmonson, Smith, 1992; Friesen Ehlers, 1994; Mickelson, 2000). Additionally, teachers tend to view minority culture parents through biased eyes that that lead to misunderstanding. Yet in their study of African American, Hispanic American, Native American, and European American parents, Geenen, Powers, and Lopez Vasquez (2001) found that the culturally and linguistically diverse parents were active in special education transition planning activities. Emotional disability is particularly prevalent during and following an acute cardiac illness, especially heart attack. Approximately two-thirds of such individuals will have some disturbing emotional response, most commonly anxiety and or/depression. To some extent, the magnitude of the emotional response is a function of the client’s personality. The person, who was chronically dissatisfied, chronically depressed, hypochrondriacal, or hard driving, time-conscious and goal-oriented is more apt to respond with a significant and possibly disabling degree of anxiety and/ or depression. Although these personality types are often present, it should not be assumes that personality types are often present, it should not be assumed that personality patterns are always the cause of persistent anxiety or depression following an acute cardiac illness.

An Ecofeminist Perspective of Ridley Scotts Blade Runner Essay

An Ecofeminist Perspective of Ridley Scott's Blade Runner The science fiction film, Blade Runner, directed by Ridley Scott, first released in 1982 and loosely based on Philip K. Dick's novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?,1 has continued to fascinate film viewers, theorists and critics for more than fifteen years. Writings include Judith B. Kerman's Retrofitting Blade Runner, a collection of academic essays;2 Paul M. Sammon's book on the making of the various versions of the film;3 and an extensive network of publications are available via the World-Wide Web.4 A student colleague has just seen the film for the eighteenth time. The "Director's Cut", released in 1992, is a more satisfying version of the film than earlier releases, mainly because narration is excluded, more mythological ambiguity is introduced (with the inclusion of a scene of a unicorn running through a forest), and the finalà © of an escape into nature is removed. In the context of Blade Runner's dystopia such an ending is incredible; for science fiction to succeed there needs to be plausibility within speculation. Since the Director's Cut, Blade Runner seems to have had a phoenix-like resurgence. Just as the simulated humans, or replicants, become more than the sum of their parts as they develop "humanity", so the film has become more than the sum of its parts as interaction - among critics and fans as well as scriptwriters, actors and film crew - contributes to ways of seeing. Scott describes depth in film as like a seven hundred-layer cake.5 Ideas presented in these layers can expand and deepen in the viewer's mind. The viewer's eye becomes as important for the ongoing life of the film as the eyes on which the camera focuses in Blade Runner.6 ... ...uiry into the Origins of Cultural Change, Blackwell, Cambridge MA, 1989, p.312. 15 The White Goddess: a historical grammar of poetic myth, Farrer, Straus & Giroux, New York,1984, p. 255. 16 Carson, op. cit., p.21. 17 Carson, op. cit., p.22. 18 Steve Carper, "Subverting the Disaffected City", Kerman, Retrofitting Blade-Runner op. cit., p.193. 19 Sammon. op. cit., p.6. 20 Guardian Weekly, July 20, 1997, p.24. 21 The New Internationalist, op. cit., p.17. 22 "The Soul of Science", Resurgence, September/October, 1997. No.184, p.9. 23 The Mercury, Hobart, Tasmania, Sept. 1. 1997. Co author Stephen Steigrad, Department of Reproductive Medicine at Sydney's Royal Hospital for Women, found that 276 families through four fertility units did not plan to tell their children that they were the product of artificial insemination with sperm from donors.

TEWWG Research Paper

Nanny, who dearly cares for Jeanie, is beyond retroactive, only because she fears for her granddaughter's safety. In Harpoon's novel, Nanny did not have good experiences with white men. She was born into slavery and was overpowered by her master, raping her. Giving birth to a light-skinned child caused havoc. The master's wife planned to whip Nanny, so she decided to run away and hide in the swamps with her daughter. In later years, Leafy is also raped by a white man, a school teacher. After witnessing disrespect, abuse, and rape of black women, Nanny doesn't want to risk that happening to Jeanie as well.Nanny tells Jeanie the truth about the harsh world without sugar coating it. Nanny had every reason to be worried for Genie's safety after being mistreated most of her life. Because of this she forbids Jeanie to seek love of her own and marries her off to old Logan Clicks. â€Å"Taint Logan Clicks Ah wants you to have, baby, it's protection† (Hurst 14). â€Å"Maybe it's some place way off in De ocean where De black man is in power, but we don't know nothing' but what we see. So De white man thrown down De load and tell De Niger man HTH pick it up.He pick it up because he have to, but he don't tote it. He hand it to his womenfolk's. De Niger woman is De mule uh De world so fur as Ah can see. Ad been praying' uh it HTH be different wide you. Lad, Lad, Lad! † (Hurst 14). Nanny compares negro women to mules simply because that is how they are treated. Being a black woman was the worst that one could be. They were below white men, white women, and even black men. They were the lowest and were of course treated that way. Nanny was most definitely justified in her decision to marry off Jeanie to Logan Clicks.As a former slave, Nanny knew what it could be like for Jeanie without a husband, serving as her protection and escaping the cycle of rape and abuse throughout the generations. As Jeanie becomes tired of Logan and meets the charming and successful Jo e Starks, she decides to leave for Detonative. While being Mrs.. Mayor Starks, Joe puts her to work at their store. Soon the lust in their relationship is lost. Realizing he is growing older and less attractive, Joe makes Jeanie fell terrible for every mistake she makes. This results in violence.When Jeanie makes a mistake in the store, Joe feels he needs to put Jeanie in her place by beating her in front of all the townsmen. After being abused once before, she maintained her emotions and was silent, but this time Jeanie retaliates. Deep down inside she is getting revenge on her father and grandfather. She eels how her mother and grandmother felt when they were disrespected, but at a lesser level. Wanting to avenge Nanny and Leafy, Jeanie fights back by striping away his manliness. Even being indirectly traumatized by sexual abuse has scarred Jeanie.Just by knowing that her mother and Nanny were taken advantage of hurts her deep inside. Coming into the world being a child of violenc e is mortifying. Especially, being abandoned by her mother and realizing that she never wanted Jeanie to begin with, makes one feel that they don't deserve a place in this world. When not even the mother of the child can love them, who else can? These thoughts must have run through Janis mind a million times. Fortunately for Jeanie, Nanny did not want the family cycle of rape and abuse to continue throughout her generation.Nanny truly makes the difference, causing the cycle to break. Eventually Joe dies and Jeanie is on her own. Meeting a younger man, Tea Cake, she falls in love. First being loving and passionate, the relationship turns abusive as Tea Cake takes his anger out on Jeanie. She does not completely break the cycle of abuse. This time, Jeanie does nothing. She does not fight back at all. It is not that Jeanie could not fight back. She really trusted Tea Cake o love and protect her. When she gets hit she receives an overwhelming sense of betrayal and shock (Kessler).It was truly heartbreaking. Fighting back could even make thing worse and make Tea Cake even more aggressive. Jeanie was so deeply in love that she couldn't leave. Even if she wanted to, she would have nowhere to go. In many cases when the woman tries to leave, the man becomes even angrier and would threaten them (Kessler). Resisting the control Of the abuser only seems to make matters worse. Just like Jeanie, many women are physically abused. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence estimates that 1. Million women are victims of physical assault by their partner each year.Nearly eighty five percent of domestic violence victims are women and females between the ages of twenty and twenty-four are at the greatest risk of partner violence. Jeanie was only one of the few women to be assaulted. In the 1 ass's, Genie's time, it was even more likely that women were abused since men had more rights. One of the universal themes of literature is the idea that children suffer because of the mistakes of an earlier generation. In Genie's case, this was true. Doing everything she could, Nanny tried to mold a safe world for Jeanie.